Congenital cataractDefinition: A congenital cataract involves clouding of the lens of the eye that is present at birth.
Alternative Names: Cataract - congenital
Causes, incidence, and risk factors: The number of people born with cataracts is low. Possible causes of congenital cataracts include the following: - Galactosemia
- Chondrodysplasia syndrome
- Congenital rubella syndrome
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
- Pierre-Robin syndrome
- Familial congenital cataracts
- Hallerman-Streiff syndrome
- Lowe syndrome
- Trisomy 13
- Conradi syndrome
- Ectodermal dysplasia syndrome
- Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome
Although many diseases and inherited disorders can lead to congenital cataracts, in most patients, no specific cause can be identified.
Symptoms: - Opacity of the lens, often evident at birth without special viewing equipment and appearing as a whitish discoloration in an otherwise normally dark pupil
- Failure of an infant to show visual awareness of the world around him or her (if present in both eyes)
- Nystagmus (unusual rapid eye movements)
Signs and tests: A complete eye examination by an ophthalmologist will readily diagnose congenital cataract. The search for a possible cause may require examination by a pediatrician experienced in hereditary disorders and possible blood tests or X-rays.
Treatment: The treatment involves surgical cataract removal followed by placement of an intraocular lens (IOL). Patching to force the child to use the weaker eye may be required to prevent amblyopia. Treatment for any underlying disorder may be needed.
Expectations (prognosis): Cataract surgery with placement of an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is routine and usually has excellent results.
Complications: Many of the underlying diseases associated with congenital cataract have extensive involvement of multiple organs and organ systems.
Calling your health care provider: Call for an urgent appointment with your baby's health care provider if you notice that the pupil of one or both eyes appears white or cloudy.
Prevention: If you have a family history of inheritable disorders that could cause congenital cataracts, consider seeking genetic counseling.
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